A keleti sémi nyelvek a sémi nyelvek mind földrajzilag, mind nyelvileg egyik legjobban megragadható, a másik két nagy csoportjától – a nyugati és a déli sémi nyelvektől markánsan elkülönülő ága. Jelenlegi ismereteink szerint két kihalt nyelv tartozik ide, az egész Közel-Keleten óriási jelentőséggel bíró akkád és a helyi jelentőségű, de nyelvészetileg igen fontos eblai.
Mindkét nyelv a sumér ékírást vette át, majd igazította saját igényeihez, szintén a sumér hatott nyelvszerkezetére, szókincsére is.
Legfontosabb hangtani jellegzetessége – mely a többi sémi nyelvtől markánsan elkülöníti – a sémi nyelvészetben torokhangzóknak hívott mássalhangzók (álef, hé, chet, ajin, ghajin) eltűnése és e hangzóba való összevonása:
- *baʿal > akk. bél úr
- *haykal > akk. ekallu(m) palota, templom (sum. É.GAL).
Ókorportál • összefoglaló, színes tartalomajánló lap
|
Afroázsiai nyelvcsalád – Sémi nyelvek |
|
| keleti sémi† |
|
|
nyugati-
központi
sémi |
|
|
| déli sémi |
|
keleti
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
északi
|
|
|
|
déli
|
|
köztes
|
|
|
|
külső
|
|
n-
|
|
|
|
tt-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CPWG
|
{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|alcsoport|gyerek=
|nincs=|#default={{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<th style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;|<th style="}};" colspan={{Expansion depth limit exceeded}} class="navbox-title">{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|off|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|plain|
}}|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|plain||
}}}}|
{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}}|betűstílus=;;border:none;|mini=1}}
{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|plain|
}}}}<span style="font-size:{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|alcsoport|gyerek|nincs=100|#default=110}}%;">{{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}}}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|}}<td class="navbox-abovebelow " style=";" colspan="{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}"> {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}}}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="width:0%;padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;" rowspan={{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}>}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|even|odd}} ">
{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan={{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}>}}}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|odd|even}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|even|odd}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|odd|even}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|even|odd}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|odd|even}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|even|odd}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|odd|even}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|even|odd}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|odd|even}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|even|odd}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|odd|even}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|even|odd}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|odd|even}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|even|odd}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|odd|even}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|even|odd}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|odd|even}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|even|odd}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|odd|even}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|even|odd}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|odd|even}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|even|odd}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|odd|even}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|even|odd}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|odd|even}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|even|odd}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|odd|even}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|even|odd}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|<td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;|<td colspan=2 style="}}width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|csere|odd|even}} ">
}}{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|}}<td class="navbox-abovebelow " style=";" colspan="{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}"> {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}}}}
| }}<table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks {{Expansion depth limit exceeded|{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|plain|off=|#default=collapsible {{Expansion depth limit exceeded||autocollapse}}}}}} {{Expansion depth limit exceeded|alcsoport|gyerek|nincs=navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;|#default=" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit}};;">{{Expansion depth limit exceeded| |
|
|
|
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
| {{{Expansion depth limit exceeded}}} |
|
|
{{Expansion depth limit exceeded|alcsoport|gyerek=
|nincs=|#default=
|
}} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
nyugati
|
|
|
|
A nyelvcsalád többi ága: Egyiptomi nyelv • Berber nyelvek • Kusita nyelvek • Csádi nyelvek • Omói nyelvek
A † az utód nélkül kihalt nyelveket jelöli. A nyelvek régebbi állapotát * jelzi. |
