English: The world map from a 1482 edition of Nicolaus Germanus's emendations to Jacobus Angelus's 1406 Latin translation of Maximus Planudes's late-13th century rediscovered Greek manuscripts of Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography.

BPL Call Number: G1005 .P7 1482 View at the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center

Zoom into this map at maps.bpl.org.
The classical Greek and Roman world view is known to us through the writings of Claudius Ptolemy, a 2nd century A.D. astronomer, mathematician, and geographer who lived in Alexandria, Egypt. Although his original manuscript no longer exists, various copies survived through the Middle Ages. With the advent of the printing press in the late-15th century, it was one the first geographical texts printed. The first printed editions of Geographia included a world map and 26 regional maps. These maps depicted the extent of the world as known to the ancient Greeks and Romans, which focused on the lands bordering the Mediterranean-- Europe, northern Africa, and western and southern Asia. Despite the disclosure of New World discoveries, such maps still had a strong influence on the Europeans' geographical concept of the world. Unfortunately for the early explorers, this world image underestimated the Earth's circumference and overestimated the breadth of the Eurasian land mass. While the first printed edition of Geographia that included maps was published in Bologna in 1477, the Ulm edition was the first printed north of the Alps and the first to include wood cut printed maps. New and updated versions of Geographia were printed until the mid-19th century.