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+[[Fájl:Кольская сверхглубокая скважина crop.jpg|thumb|275px|Kolai szupermély fúrás, 2007]]
-A '''Finnugor Néprajzi Park''' a [[Göcseji Falumúzeum]] területén létesített szabadtéri kiállítás, mely a finnugor népek lakóépületeivel, gazdasági épületeivel, kultikus építményeivel, berendezéseivel és a mindennapi élet kellékeivel foglalkozik. A kiállítás gondolata a Falumúzeum fennállásának harmincadik évfordulóján, 1989-ben vetődött fel, az első épületek átadása 2001-ben történt meg.
+<!--
+{{coord|display=title|69|23|46.39|N|30|36|31.20|E|type:landmark_region:RU_scale:50000}}
+[[File:Кольская сверхглубокая скважина crop.jpg|thumb|275px|Kola Superdeep Borehole, 2007]]
+The '''Kola Superdeep Borehole''' ({{lang-ru|Кольская сверхглубокая скважина}}) is the result of a [[scientific drilling]] project of the former [[USSR]]. The project attempted to drill as deep as possible into the [[Crust (geology)|Earth's crust]]. Drilling began on 24 May 1970 on the [[Kola Peninsula]], using the ''Uralmash-4E'', and later the ''Uralmash-15000'' series drilling rig. A number of [[borehole]]s were drilled by branching from a central hole. The deepest, SG-3, reached  {{convert|12261|m}} in 1989, and remains the deepest hole ever drilled.<ref>{{cite web | title=Kola Superdeep Borehole (KSDB) | work=ICDP | url=http://www.icdp-online.org/contenido/icdp/front_content.php?idcat=695 | accessdate=2009-04-08}}</ref> The longest hole ever drilled is the {{convert|12290|m|abbr=on}} [[Maersk]] Oil BD-04A well at Al-Shaheen field in Qatar.<ref>{{cite web | title=Maersk Oil finished Drilling (BD-04A) well at Al-Shaheen field, Qatar | work=Gulf Oil & Gas Marketplace | url=http://www.gulfoilandgas.com/webpro1/main/mainnews.asp?id=6050 | date=23 May 2008 | accessdate=2009-04-08}}</ref>
+==Digging==
-A múzeum az alábbi részekre oszlik: komi, udmurt, mari, mordbin, észt, finn, manysi és hanti terület. Figyelemreméltó épületek a mari bekerített gerendaház, a finn zsellérház és az obi-ugor (hanti és manysi) szálláshelyek, gazdasági és kultikus épületek.
+The initial target depth was set at {{convert|15000|m|abbr=on}}. On 6 June 1979, the world depth record held by the [[Bertha Rogers]] hole in [[Washita County, Oklahoma]] at {{convert|9583|m|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web | title=The KTB Borehole—Germany’s Superdeep Telescope into the Earth’s Crust | work=Oilfield Review | url=http://www.slb.com/media/services/resources/oilfieldreview/ors95/jan95/01950422.pdf | format=PDF | accessdate=2009-04-08}}</ref> was broken. In 1983, the drill passed {{convert|12000|m|abbr=on}}, and drilling was stopped for about a year to celebrate the event.<ref name="NiZ"/> This idle period may have contributed to a break-down on 27 September 1984: after drilling to {{convert|12066|m|abbr=on}}, a {{convert|5000|m|abbr=on}} section of drillpipe twisted off and was left in the hole. Drilling was later restarted from {{convert|7000|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name="NiZ">{{cite web | author=A. Osadchy | title=Legendary Kola Superdeep | url=http://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/4172/ | work=Наука и жизнь (Journal of Science and Life) | language=Russian | date=no. 5, 2002 | accessdate=2009-04-08}}</ref> The hole reached {{convert|12262|m|abbr=on}} in 1989. In that year the hole depth was expected to reach {{convert|13500|m|abbr=on}} by the end of 1990 and {{convert|15000|m|abbr=on}} by 1993.<ref>''Kola Superdeep is in the Guinness Book of World Records'',  ''Zemlya i Vselennaya'', 1989, no. 3, p.9 {{ru icon}}</ref> However, due to higher than expected temperatures at this depth and location, {{convert|180|°C|°F|0}} instead of expected {{convert|100|°C|°F|0}}, drilling deeper was deemed unfeasible and the drilling was stopped in 1992.<ref name="NiZ" /> With the expected further increase in temperature with increasing depth, drilling to {{convert|15000|m|abbr=on}} would have meant working at a projected {{convert|300|°C|°F|-1}}, at which the drill bit would no longer work.
-== Képgaléria ==
+==Research==
+The Kola borehole penetrated about a third through the Baltic [[continental crust]], presumed to be around {{convert|35|km|mi|0}}, exposing rocks 2.7 billion years old at the bottom.{{Fact|date=April 2009}} The project has been a site of extensive [[Geophysics|geophysical]] studies. The stated areas of study were the deep structure of the [[Baltic Shield]]; [[seismic]] discontinuities and the thermal regime in the Earth's crust; the physical and chemical composition of the deep crust and the transition from upper to lower crust; lithospheric geophysics; and to create and develop technologies for deep geophysical study.
-<gallery>
+To scientists, one of the more fascinating findings to emerge from this well is that the change in seismic velocities was not found at a boundary marking Jeffreys' hypothetical transition from [[granite]] to [[basalt]]; it was at the bottom of a layer of [[metamorphic rock]] that extended from about 5 to 10 kilometers beneath the surface. The rock there had been thoroughly fractured and was saturated with water, which was surprising. This water, unlike surface water, must have come from deep-crust minerals and had been unable to reach the surface because of a layer of [[Permeability (fluid)|impermeable]] rock.<ref>{{cite web | author=Alan Bellows | title=The Deepest Hole | url=http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=567 | work=Damn Interesting | date=5 March 2007 | accessdate=2009-04-08}}</ref>
-Fájl:Mari-haz.JPG|Mari ház
-Fájl:Hanti-kult.JPG|Hanti kultikus kamra
-Fájl:Hanti-szallas.JPG|Hanti szálláshely
+Another unexpected discovery was the large quantity of [[hydrogen]] gas, with the mud flowing out of the hole described as "boiling" with hydrogen.<ref>{{cite conference | author=G.J. MacDonald  | year=1988 | title=Major Questions About Deep Continental Structures | booktitle=Deep drilling in crystalline bedrock, v. 1 | editor=A. Bodén and K.G. Eriksson | publisher=Springer-Verlag | location=Berlin | pages=28-48 | isbn=3540189955}}</ref>
-</gallery>
+==Current Status==
+[[File:Soviet Union stamp 1987 CPA 5892.jpg|thumb|right|175px|Kola Superdeep Borehole, commemorated on the 1987 [[USSR]] stamp]]
+The site is currently controlled by the State Scientific Enterprise on Superdeep Drilling and Complex Investigations in the Earth's Interior (GNPP Nedra) as the Deep Geolaboratory. {{As of|2003}}, the deepest active bore, SG-5, is {{convert|8578|m|abbr=on}} and with a {{convert|214|mm|abbr=on}} diameter.{{Fact|date=February 2009}}
+==Other projects==
+The United States embarked on a similar project in 1957, dubbed [[Project Mohole]], which was intended to penetrate the shallow crust under the [[Pacific Ocean]] off [[Mexico]]. However, after some initial drilling, the project was abandoned in 1966 due to lack of funding. This failure inspired great successes of the [[Deep Sea Drilling Project]], [[Ocean Drilling Program]], and the present [[Integrated Ocean Drilling Program]].
+==See also==
+* [[Mohorovičić discontinuity]]
+* [[Project Mohole]]
+* [[Chikyu Hakken]], deep oceanic drilling program
+* [[Integrated Ocean Drilling Program]]
+* [[San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth]]
+* [[Earthscope]]
+* [[USARRAY]]
+* [[Well to Hell hoax]]
+==References==
+===Bibliography===
+* Fuchs, K., Kozlovsky, E.A., Krivtsov, A.I., and Zoback, M.D. (Eds.) (1990) ''Super-Deep Continental Drilling and Deep Geophysical Sounding''. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 436 pp.
+* Kozlovsky, Ye.A. (Ed.) (1987) ''The Superdeep Well of the Kola Peninsula''. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 558 pp.
+===Notes===
+{{Reflist|2}}
+==External links==
+*[http://superdeep.pechenga.ru Official Kola Superdeep Borehole website (in Russian)]
+*[http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF7/725.html The World's Deepest Hole - Alaska Science Forum - July 1985]
+*{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Cassino|title= Depth of the Deepest Drilling|work=The Physics Factbook|year=2003|url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/AdamCassino.shtml}}
+* [http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=567 The Deepest Hole] [[June 20]] [[2006]]
+[[Category:Structure of the Earth]]
+[[Category:Murmansk Oblast]]
+[[Category:Science and technology in Russia]]
+[[Category:Science and technology in the Soviet Union]]
+-->
 == Forrás ==
-* Obi-Ugrians - kiállítási ismertető füzet
-* Finn zsellérház - kiállítási ismertető füzet
-* Mari fenced household - kiállítási ismertető füzet
 == Külső hivatkozások ==
-* [http://www.zmmi.hu/gf/kiallitasok.html A Göcseji Falumúzeum honlapja]
-* [http://www.museum.hu/museum/permanent_hu.php?IDP=1338&ID=719 museum.hu]
-* [http://www.magyarorszag.utazas.hu/4D2025E384EA05519A3321E57EF3E9C1/Content/HU/A17C5E26A3F0DC953DD27A6DF7332F8F/Finnugor+N%C3%A9prajzi+Park.html Magyarország-utazás]
+[[ar:بئر كولا العميق]]
-[[Kategória:Néprajz]]
+[[da:Kola superdybe borehul]]
-[[Kategória:Magyarország múzeumai]]
+[[de:Kola-Bohrung]]
+[[en:Kola Superdeep Borehole]]
+[[es:Pozo Superprofundo Kola]]
+[[fa:چاه حفاری کولا]]
+[[fr:Forage sg3]]
+[[gu:કોલા હોલ]]
+[[it:Pozzo superprofondo di Kola]]
+[[nl:Superdiep boorgat van Kola]]
+[[no:Det superdype borehullet på Kolahalvøya]]
+[[pl:SG-3]]
+[[ro:Gaura de foraj de la Kola]]
+[[ru:Кольская сверхглубокая скважина]]
+[[sv:SG-3]]
+[[th:Kola Superdeep Borehole]]
+[[zh:科拉超深钻孔]]

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